{"id":30855,"date":"2026-04-17T10:40:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-17T03:40:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edutrade.vn\/?p=30855"},"modified":"2026-04-17T10:48:07","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T03:48:07","slug":"opec-voi-my-ai-kiem-soat-gia-dau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edutrade.vn\/en\/opec-voi-my-ai-kiem-soat-gia-dau\/","title":{"rendered":"OPEC v\u1edbi M\u1ef9: Ai ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u?"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u1ea7u th\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t” gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thanh kho\u1ea3n cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady.\u00a0<\/span>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u D\u1ea7u m\u1ecf (OPEC)<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i – v\u00e0 thao t\u00fang – b\u1edfi Hoa K\u1ef3, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1973, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u1ea2 R\u1eadp c\u1ee7a OPEC \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Israel. <\/span>S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a OPEC \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a OPEC v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc, c\u00e1c m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Canada v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u Phi, \u00dac v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 OPEC v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1eefa OPEC v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoa K\u1ef3<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

N\u0103m 1960, n\u0103m OPEC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. <\/span>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u th\u00f9ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1959, M\u1ef9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 9% t\u1ed5ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Iran sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 OPEC. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng d\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng \u1edf M\u1ef9 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf n\u0103m 1973-1974 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m coi OPEC l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 trong m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n M\u1ef9.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u cao trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u00e3 gieo m\u1ea7m cho s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng di\u1ec5n ra sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 1990.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi OPEC l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Khi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u th\u00f4, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a OPEC v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. <\/span>Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

OPEC\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf (OPEC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1960 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u0103m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp l\u00e0 Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat v\u00e0 Venezuela. Sau c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n r\u1eddi \u0111i, OPEC hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 12 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean:<\/span><\/p>\n