{"id":40786,"date":"2026-09-09T10:51:16","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T03:51:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edutrade.vn\/?p=40786"},"modified":"2026-09-09T10:53:44","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T03:53:44","slug":"ban-khong-la-gi-trong-giao-dich-hang-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edutrade.vn\/en\/ban-khong-la-gi-trong-giao-dich-hang-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u00e1i sinh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ed5ng quan cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3m, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb chi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua <\/span>b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng<\/b>. Thay v\u00ec mua tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i b\u00e1n sau, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 mua l\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf. Trong h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u00e1i sinh, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf Short tr\u00ean h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y <\/span>ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/b>, c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0o khi tham gia? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf giao d\u1ecbch khi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea3m<\/b><\/h2>\n

B\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng<\/b> (Short Selling) l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m. Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 mua l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Kho\u1ea3n ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 mua l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, <\/span>b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng <\/b>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u201cb\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, mua l\u1ea1i sau\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n <\/span>b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng<\/b> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa t\u1eebng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng: Hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u00e1i sinh<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u <\/span>b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1i sinh<\/b>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi <\/span>b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/b>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 <\/span>b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/b>. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn khi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng vay c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu r\u1ed3i b\u00e1n ra. N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 100.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 90.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea7n ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 <\/span>b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, <\/span>b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1i sinh<\/b> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf Short tr\u00ean h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u00ecn chung kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vay ho\u1eb7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e1n. Khi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m, h\u1ecd b\u00e1n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ed3i mua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf. Gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, trong khi gi\u00e1 t\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3n l\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, <\/span>b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/b> th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c vay v\u00e0 b\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf, c\u00f2n <\/span>b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1i sinh<\/b> t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, <\/span>k\u00fd qu\u1ef9<\/span><\/a> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1 theo th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/h3>\n

Vi\u1ec7c<\/span> h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p hay kh\u00f4ng<\/b> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c giao d\u1ecbch. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng <\/span>b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng<\/b> \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00fang gi\u00e1, lan truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch, giao d\u1ecbch n\u1ed9i gi\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi ph\u1ea1m. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <\/span>b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng<\/b>, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u00e1i sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch b\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng <\/span>h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u00e1i sinh<\/span><\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung qua ba b\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf Short. Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac giao d\u1ecbch, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 mua h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e3i ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 m\u1edf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"B\u00e1n
B\u00e1n kh\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u00e1i sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: M\u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf Short khi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m<\/b><\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m <\/span>n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n<\/b><\/a>, <\/b>nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/a>, <\/span>kim lo\u1ea1i<\/b><\/a> v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 mu\u1ed1n giao d\u1ecbch. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ec7nh b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf b\u00e1n\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111ang \u1edf m\u1ee9c 80 USD v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf Short t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1 gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho l\u1ec7nh giao d\u1ecbch, trong khi gi\u00e1 t\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Theo d\u00f5i v\u1ecb th\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1ee7i ro<\/b><\/h3>\n

Sau khi m\u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf Short, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00ean theo d\u00f5i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1, m\u1ee9c k\u00fd qu\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n l\u00e3i l\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t sinh. V\u00ec gi\u00e1 t\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn v\u1ecb th\u1ebf b\u1ecb thua l\u1ed7, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ee9c c\u1eaft l\u1ed7, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch, n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00fd qu\u1ef9, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh r\u1ee7i ro cao h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: \u0110\u00f3ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00ednh l\u00e3i l\u1ed7<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf Short, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ec7nh mua.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n